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Ti:Sapphire (Titanium doped sapphire - Ti:Al2O3) Laser Line and Harmonics

Ti:Sapphire (Titanium doped sapphire - Ti:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) Laser Line and Harmonics
Ti:Sapphire laser crystal is used as a gain medium for tunable lasers and femtosecond solid-state lasers. Lasers based on Ti:Sapphire crystal are mainly used to generate ultrashort – femtosecond pulses.
The lasing band of Ti:Sapphire is 660-1050 nm, while common pump wavelength is frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser line at 532 nm or Argon Ion laser lines at 490 - 514 nm. The peak of emission in Ti:Sapphire is at 790-800 nm wavelength.
Frequency doubling and tripling allow access to the green, blue and ultraviolet spectral regions. While the frequency conversion by Optical Parametric Generation offers wide tuning range in the near-infrared spectral region. It is often sufficient to tune the Ti:sapphire wavelength for tuning the OPO, rather than tuning the OPO itself, e.g. by actively affecting the phase-matching conditions. Further wavelength extension to mid infrared range is possible by Difference Frequency Generation employing signal and idler wavelength pulses obtained from OPO.

Crystals selection for Ti:Sapphire laser wavelength range extension by frequency conversion:
Thin BBO crystals for SHG @ 800nm                       →    350 – 450 nm range
Thin BBO crystals for THG @ 800nm                       →    230 – 300 nm range
Thin BBO crystals for OPG/OPA @ pump 800nm     →    1050 – 2300 nm range  
Thin BBO crystals for OPG/OPA @ pump 400nm     →    480 – 2300 nm range
AgGaS2 crystals for DFG.
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